前端学习Docker(五) - docker-compose

2021-09-10 运维知识

compose

  • Compose 通过一个配置文件来管理多个 Docker 容器
  • 在配置文件中，所有的容器通过 services 来定义，然后使用 docker-compose 脚本来启动、停止和重启应用和应用中的服务以及所有依赖服务的容器
  • 步骤：
    • 最后，运行docker-compose up，Compose 将启动并运行整个应用程序 配置文件组成
    • services 可以定义需要的服务，每个服务都有自己的名字、使用的镜像、挂载的数据卷所属的网络和依赖的其它服务
    • networks 是应用的网络，在它下面可以定义使用的网络名称，类性
    • volumes 是数据卷，可以在此定义数据卷，然后挂载到不同的服务上面使用

安装 compose 

yum -y install epel-release
yum -y install python-pip
yum clean all
pip install docker-compose

yum -y install epel-release
yum -y install python-pip
yum clean all
pip install docker-compose

sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# 添加可执行权限
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# 查看版本信息
docker-compose -versio

sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# 添加可执行权限
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# 查看版本信息
docker-compose -versio

编写 docker-compose.yml

  • 在 docker-compose.yml 中定义组成应用程序的服务，以便它们可以在隔离的环境中一起运行
  • 空格缩进表示层次
  • 冒号空格后面有空格

docker-compose.yml

version: "2";
services: nginx1: image: nginx;
ports: -"8080:80";
nginx2: image: nginx;
ports: -"8081:80";

version: "2";
services: nginx1: image: nginx;
ports: -"8080:80";
nginx2: image: nginx;
ports: -"8081:80";

启动服务

  • docker 会创建默认的网络
命令 服务
docker-compose up 启动所有的服务
docker-compose up -d 后台启动所有的服务
docker-compose ps 打印所有的容器
docker-compose stop 停止所有服务
docker-compose logs -f 持续跟踪日志
docker-compose exec nginx1 bash 进入 nginx1 服务系统
docker-compose rm nginx1 删除服务容器
docker network ls 查看网络网络不会删除
docker-compose down 删除所有的网络和容器

删除所有的容器 docker container rm docker container ps \-a \-q

网络互 ping 

docker-compose up -d
docker-compose exec nginx1 bash
apt update && apt install -y inetutils-ping
#可以通过服务的名字连接到对方
ping nginx2

docker-compose up -d
docker-compose exec nginx1 bash
apt update && apt install -y inetutils-ping
#可以通过服务的名字连接到对方
ping nginx2

配置数据卷

  • networks 指定自定义网络
  • volumes 指定数据卷
  • 数据卷在宿主机的位置 /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-compose_data/_data
version: "3";
services: nginx1: image: nginx;
ports: -"8081:80";
networks: -"newweb";
volumes: -"data:/data" - "./nginx1:/usr/share/nginx/html";
nginx2: image: nginx;
ports: -"8082:80";
networks: -"default";
volumes: -"data:/data" - "./nginx2:/usr/share/nginx/html";
nginx3: image: nginx;
ports: -"8083:80";
networks: -"default" - "newweb";
volumes: -"data:/data" - "./nginx3:/usr/share/nginx/html";
networks: newweb: driver: bridge;
volumes: data: driver: local;

version: "3";
services: nginx1: image: nginx;
ports: -"8081:80";
networks: -"newweb";
volumes: -"data:/data" - "./nginx1:/usr/share/nginx/html";
nginx2: image: nginx;
ports: -"8082:80";
networks: -"default";
volumes: -"data:/data" - "./nginx2:/usr/share/nginx/html";
nginx3: image: nginx;
ports: -"8083:80";
networks: -"default" - "newweb";
volumes: -"data:/data" - "./nginx3:/usr/share/nginx/html";
networks: newweb: driver: bridge;
volumes: data: driver: local;

docker exec nginx-compose_nginx1_1  bash
cd /data
touch 1.txt
exit
cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-compose_data/_data
ls

docker exec nginx-compose_nginx1_1  bash
cd /data
touch 1.txt
exit
cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-compose_data/_data
ls

node 项目

  • nodeapp 是一个用 Docker 搭建的本地 Node.js 应用开发与运行环境。

服务分类

  • db：使用 mariadb 作为应用的数据库
  • node：启动node服务
  • web：使用 nginx 作为应用的 web 服务器

app 目录结构

文件 说明
docker-compose.yml 定义本地开发环境需要的服务
images/nginx/config/default.conf nginx 配置文件
images/node/Dockerfile node 的 Dockfile 配置文件
images/node/web/package.json 项目文件
images/node/web/public/index.html 静态首页
images/node/web/server.js node 服务 
├── docker-compose.yml
└── images
    ├── nginx
    │   └── config
    │       └── default.conf
    └── node
        ├── Dockerfile
        └── web
            ├── package.json
            ├── public
            │   └── index.html
            └── server.js

├── docker-compose.yml
└── images
    ├── nginx
    │   └── config
    │       └── default.conf
    └── node
        ├── Dockerfile
        └── web
            ├── package.json
            ├── public
            │   └── index.html
            └── server.js

docker-compose.yml 

version: '2'
services:
 node:
  build:
    context: ./images/node
    dockerfile: Dockerfile
  depends_on:
   - db
 web:
  image: nginx
  ports:
   - "8080:80"
  volumes:
   - ./images/nginx/config:/etc/nginx/conf.d
   - ./images/node/web/public:/public
  depends_on:
   - node
 db:
  image: mariadb
  environment:
   MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "root"
   MYSQL_DATABASE: "node"
   MYSQL_USER: "chen"
   MYSQL_PASSWORD: "123456"
  volumes:
    - db:/var/lib/mysql
volumes:
 db:
  driver: local

version: '2'
services:
 node:
  build:
    context: ./images/node
    dockerfile: Dockerfile
  depends_on:
   - db
 web:
  image: nginx
  ports:
   - "8080:80"
  volumes:
   - ./images/nginx/config:/etc/nginx/conf.d
   - ./images/node/web/public:/public
  depends_on:
   - node
 db:
  image: mariadb
  environment:
   MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "root"
   MYSQL_DATABASE: "node"
   MYSQL_USER: "chen"
   MYSQL_PASSWORD: "123456"
  volumes:
    - db:/var/lib/mysql
volumes:
 db:
  driver: local

server.js

images/node/web/server.js

let http = require("http");
var mysql = require("mysql");
var connection = mysql.createConnection({
  host: "db",
  user: "chen",
  password: "123456",
  database: "node",
});

connection.connect();

let server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
  connection.query(
    "SELECT 2 + 2 AS solution",
    function (error, results, fields) {
      if (error) throw error;
      res.end("" + results[0].solution);
    }
  );
});
server.listen(3000);

let http = require("http");
var mysql = require("mysql");
var connection = mysql.createConnection({
  host: "db",
  user: "chen",
  password: "123456",
  database: "node",
});

connection.connect();

let server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
  connection.query(
    "SELECT 2 + 2 AS solution",
    function (error, results, fields) {
      if (error) throw error;
      res.end("" + results[0].solution);
    }
  );
});
server.listen(3000);

package.json

images/node/web/package.json

{
"scripts": {
    "start": "node server.js"
  },
"dependencies": {
    "mysql": "^2.16.0"
}

{
"scripts": {
    "start": "node server.js"
  },
"dependencies": {
    "mysql": "^2.16.0"
}

images/node/Dockerfile 

FROM node
MAINTAINER vincent <zhang_renyang@126.com>
COPY ./web /web
WORKDIR /web
RUN npm install
CMD npm start

FROM node
MAINTAINER vincent <zhang_renyang@126.com>
COPY ./web /web
WORKDIR /web
RUN npm install
CMD npm start

images/nginx/config/default.conf 

upstream backend {
    server node:3000;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    root /public;
    index index.html index.htm;

    location /api {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
    }
}

upstream backend {
    server node:3000;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    root /public;
    index index.html index.htm;

    location /api {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
    }
}

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